Geodesy Publications 

Since 16 years ago a National GIS was built by the Survey of Israel (SOI) to serve the government ministries and agencies as well as to support the community of nation-wide geospatial consumers.

The classical geodesist’ dream of a dense, accurate, reliable and homogeneous countrywide levelling control network is a luxury even for the richest countries and will probably remain a dream. Prior to the GPS era there was no alternative to precise levelling.

The Survey of Israel (SOI) is responsible for preparing and updating Survey Regulations for Geodetic Control Networks, Topographic Mapping, Cadastral Surveys and related activities. Licensed Surveyors in Israel are obliged to work according to those regulations.

For many years Vertical Geodetic Control was the nickname of a framework of control points (benchmarks) having Orthometric Heights achieved by precise leveling.

This article discusses the theory of boundary making, including a process driven methodological model. It is a result of a long term practice and study covering wide diversity of topics: from political and technical to stages of precise documentation and boundary maintenance

The objective of this article is to analyze and define an order of precedence of boundary delimitations, which can help states which come to a boundary agreement to choose a reliable definition of the boundary which will enable the following stages of boundary making to be more reliable and sustainable.

The professional practice of the surveying profession in Israel is still strongly influenced by the pre-independence period (1922-1948 under the British Mandate). Nothing of professional significance in surveying and mapping can be attributed to the period of the Ottoman Empire governing the area.

The general density of the population in central and northern parts of Israel (some 480 inhabitants per square kilometer) is higher then in Germany, Belgium, Japan or the Netherlands.

The land resources in Israel have national value, with social, legal and economic aspects and implications. The surveying and mapping practitioners constitute an important factor in registration and management of these resources.

The land administration practice in Israel involves both the private and the governmental sectors. In the last years, there is a growth in the land activity due to a great demand of government and the private sector for development based on economic considerations.